iACToR

International Association of CyberPsychology, Training, and Rehabilitation

CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation Magazine Editorial - Issue 4(3)

Letter from the iACToR Secretary General and C&R Editor-In-Chief Prof. Dr. Brenda K. Wiederhold

Dear Reader,

Most of you reading this editorial live in an affluent society. You probably have a desk job, which requires you to sit most of the day. You probably drive a car or take a train or bus to work rather than walk. You may have a long commute, which may tempt you to pick up fast food or convenience food rather than cook healthy meals. The resulting poor nutrition and lack of exercise can lead to obesity, high blood pressure, and a general lack of fitness. Obesity predisposes individuals to heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer.

Another factor contributing to so-called “diseases of affluence” is advances in medical care. Each generation has less exposure to infectious agents and pathogens and more exposure to antibiotics than the last, resulting in a lack of natural immunities. This can lead to diseases such as asthma, allergies, and autoimmune disorders.

Finally, and most germane to our readers, is the toll that stress makes us pay. Stress, combined with comparatively independent lifestyles and the absence of strong social bonds, may lead people to turn to alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs to self-soothe, and depression is common.

Increasingly, we are seeing these diseases of affluence not just in the affluent segments of societies, but in the poorest individuals of affluent countries. They live in neighborhoods that discourage walking and where fast food is plentiful and cheap. We are also seeing these diseases increase in countries experiencing rapid development, such as China and India. In China, the prevalence of obesity and hypertension almost doubled over the period 1991 to 2004, and became less concentrated in urban areas. In India, estimated deaths from non-communicable diseases are projected to rise from 40% of all deaths in 1990 to 67% of all deaths by 2020.

A study of allergic rhinitis in Korea found a doubling of prevalence in the 10-year period between 1991 and 2001, noting that contributing factors might include exposure to indoor allergens including pet dander; outdoor air pollution; decreased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and fish; and a more sedentary lifestyle. A recent review concludes that while more data from intervention studies are needed, atopic diseases (hyperallergic reactions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis) “appear, at least in part, to be the price paid for our relative freedom from infections and parasitic diseases in affluent societies.”

I encourage our readers to pay special attention to the psychological costs of affluence. The proportionate share of the global burden of disease represented by psychiatric and neurologic conditions is projected to rise from 10.5% in 1990 to 14.7% in 2020. In some countries, even wealthy adults must still overcome the stigma associated with seeking help for mental health issues. Children in affluent families may manifest more substance abuse, anxiety, and depression.

A recent study showed that psychological distress has been rising over time, and may be associated with being overweight. Half the British population view themselves as overweight, and happiness and mental health are worse among overweight people in both the UK and Germany. For each 10-point rise in BMI, there is a drop in psychological health of 0.3 General Health Questionnaire points. The authors note that while suggestive, this does not establish causality.

Many disorders are associated with a dysfunction of the stress system: obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes; hypertension; autoimmune disorders and allergies; anxiety, depression, and insomnia; and pain and fatigue syndromes. While society has evolved and our life expectancy has increased, our stress system remains mired in old evolutionary patterns. Malfunction of the stress system may impair growth, development, behavior, and metabolism, leading to various acute and chronic disorders. As researchers and clinicians engaged in cognitive rehabilitation, let us be mindful of the interrelationships among psychological and physical health as we work to combat these diseases of affluence.


Create your own reality!

Prof. Dr. Brenda K. Wiederhold, Ph.D., MBA, BCIA


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